We import the inspect module and specifically use the getclasstree() function to print the python Exception/Error hierarchy.
This code arranges and prints the given list of exception classes into a hierarchy of nested lists. We recursively go through __subclasses__() down by an inheritance tree as shown in the output.
import inspect print "The class hierarchy for built-in exceptions is:" inspect.getclasstree(inspect.getmro(BaseException)) def classtree(cls, indent=0): print '.' * indent, cls.__name__ for subcls in cls.__subclasses__(): classtree(subcls, indent + 3) classtree(BaseException)
On running the code we get the following output.
The class hierarchy for built-in exceptions is: BaseException ... Exception ...... StandardError ......... TypeError ......... ImportError ............ ZipImportError ......... EnvironmentError ............ IOError ............ OSError ............... WindowsError ......... EOFError ......... RuntimeError ............ NotImplementedError ......... NameError ............ UnboundLocalError ......... AttributeError ......... SyntaxError ............ IndentationError ............... TabError ......... LookupError ............ IndexError ............ KeyError ............ CodecRegistryError ......... ValueError ............ UnicodeError ............... UnicodeEncodeError ............... UnicodeDecodeError ............... UnicodeTranslateError ......... AssertionError ......... ArithmeticError ............ FloatingPointError ............ OverflowError ............ ZeroDivisionError ......... SystemError ............ CodecRegistryError ......... ReferenceError ......... MemoryError ......... BufferError ...... StopIteration ...... Warning ......... UserWarning ......... DeprecationWarning ......... PendingDeprecationWarning ......... SyntaxWarning ......... RuntimeWarning ......... FutureWarning ......... ImportWarning ......... UnicodeWarning ......... BytesWarning ...... _OptionError ...... error ...... Error ...... TokenError ...... StopTokenizing ...... error ...... EndOfBlock ... GeneratorExit ... SystemExit ... KeyboardInterrupt
