Apache Pig - SUBTRACT()
The SUBTRACT() function of Pig Latin is used to subtract two bags. It takes two bags as inputs and returns a bag which contains the tuples of the first bag that are not in the second bag.
Syntax
Given below is the syntax of the SUBTRACT() function.
grunt> SUBTRACT(expression, expression)
Example
Assume that we have two files namely emp_sales.txt and emp_bonus.txt in the HDFS directory /pig_data/ as shown below. The emp_sales.txt contains the details of the employees of the sales department and the emp_bonus.txt contains the employee details who got bonus.
emp_sales.txt
1,Robin,22,25000,sales 2,BOB,23,30000,sales 3,Maya,23,25000,sales 4,Sara,25,40000,sales 5,David,23,45000,sales 6,Maggy,22,35000,sales
emp_bonus.txt
1,Robin,22,25000,sales 2,Jaya,23,20000,admin 3,Maya,23,25000,sales 4,Alia,25,50000,admin 5,David,23,45000,sales 6,Omar,30,30000,admin
And we have loaded these files into Pig, with the relation names emp_sales and emp_bonus respectively.
grunt> emp_sales = LOAD 'hdfs://localhost:9000/pig_data/emp_sales.txt' USING PigStorage(',') as (sno:int, name:chararray, age:int, salary:int, dept:chararray); grunt> emp_bonus = LOAD 'hdfs://localhost:9000/pig_data/emp_bonus.txt' USING PigStorage(',') as (sno:int, name:chararray, age:int, salary:int, dept:chararray);
Let us now group the records/tuples of the relations emp_sales and emp_bonus with the key sno, using the COGROUP operator as shown below.
grunt> cogroup_data = COGROUP emp_sales by sno, emp_bonus by sno;
Verify the relation cogroup_data using the DUMP operator as shown below.
grunt> Dump cogroup_data; (1,{(1,Robin,22,25000,sales)},{(1,Robin,22,25000,sales)}) (2,{(2,BOB,23,30000,sales)},{(2,Jaya,23,30000,admin)}) (3,{(3,Maya,23,25000,sales)},{(3,Maya,23,25000,sales)}) (4,{(4,Sara,25,40000,sales)},{(4,Alia,25,50000,admin)}) (5,{(5,David,23,45000,sales)},{(5,David,23,45000,sales)}) (6,{(6,Maggy,22,35000,sales)},{(6,Omar,30,30000,admin)})
Subtracting One Relation from the Other
Let us now subtract the tuples of emp_bonus relation from emp_sales relation. The resulting relation holds the tuples of emp_sales that are not there in emp_bonus.
grunt> sub_data = FOREACH cogroup_data GENERATE SUBTRACT(emp_sales, emp_bonus);
Verification
Verify the relation sub_data using the DUMP operator as shown below. The emp_sales relation holds the tuples that are not there in the relation emp_bonus.
grunt> Dump sub_data; ({}) ({(2,BOB,23,30000,sales)}) ({}) ({(4,Sara,25,40000,sales)}) ({}) ({(6,Maggy,22,35000,sales)})
In the same way, let us subtract the emp_sales relation from emp_bonus relation as shown below.
grunt> sub_data = FOREACH cogroup_data GENERATE SUBTRACT(emp_bonus, emp_sales);
Verify the contents of the sub_data relation using the Dump operator as shown below.
grunt> Dump sub_data; ({}) ({(2,Jaya,23,20000,admin)}) ({}) ({(4,Alia,25,50000,admin)}) ({}) ({(6,Omar,30,30000,admin)})