JDBC - Statement Object Example

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Following is the example, which makes use of the following three queries along with the opening and closing statement −

• boolean execute(String SQL) : Returns a boolean value of true if a ResultSet object can be retrieved; otherwise, it returns false. Use this method to execute SQL DDL statements or when you need to use the truly dynamic SQL.

• int executeUpdate(String SQL): Returns the number of rows affected by the execution of the SQL statement. Use this method to execute SQL statements, for which you expect to get a number of rows affected - for example, an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.

• ResultSet executeQuery(String SQL): Returns a ResultSet object. Use this method when you expect to get a result set, as you would with a SELECT statement.

This sample code has been written based on the environment and database setup done in the previous chapters.

Copy and past the following example in JDBCExample.java, compile and run as follows −

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/EMP";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "username";
   static final String PASS = "password";
   
   public static void main(String[] args) {
   Connection conn = null;
   Statement stmt = null;
   try{
      //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
      Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

      //STEP 3: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);

      //STEP 4: Execute a query
      System.out.println("Creating statement...");
      stmt = conn.createStatement();
      String sql = "UPDATE Employees set age=30 WHERE id=103";
      
      // Let us check if it returns a true Result Set or not.
      Boolean ret = stmt.execute(sql);
      System.out.println("Return value is : " + ret.toString() );

      // Let us update age of the record with ID = 103;
      int rows = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
      System.out.println("Rows impacted : " + rows );

      // Let us select all the records and display them.
      sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Employees";
      ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

      //STEP 5: Extract data from result set
      while(rs.next()){
         //Retrieve by column name
         int id  = rs.getInt("id");
         int age = rs.getInt("age");
         String first = rs.getString("first");
         String last = rs.getString("last");

         //Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + id);
         System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
         System.out.print(", First: " + first);
         System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
      }
      //STEP 6: Clean-up environment
      rs.close();
      stmt.close();
      conn.close();
   }catch(SQLException se){
      //Handle errors for JDBC
      se.printStackTrace();
   }catch(Exception e){
      //Handle errors for Class.forName
      e.printStackTrace();
   }finally{
      //finally block used to close resources
      try{
         if(stmt!=null)
            stmt.close();
      }catch(SQLException se2){
      }// nothing we can do
      try{
         if(conn!=null)
            conn.close();
      }catch(SQLException se){
         se.printStackTrace();
      }//end finally try
   }//end try
   System.out.println("Goodbye!");
}//end main
}//end JDBCExample

Now let us compile the above example as follows −

C:\>javac JDBCExample.java
C:\>

When you run JDBCExample, it produces the following result −

C:\>java JDBCExample
Connecting to database...
Creating statement...
Return value is : false
Rows impacted : 1
ID: 100, Age: 18, First: Zara, Last: Ali
ID: 101, Age: 25, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 30, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
Goodbye!
C:\>

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