The terms concurrency and parallelism are used in context of multithreaded programs. However, they are quite different. Details about these are given as follows: Concurrency means that multiple processes or threads are making progress concurrently. While only one thread is executed at a time by the CPU, these threads can be switched in and out as required. This means that no thread is act.....

Process Creation and Process termination are used to create and terminate processes respectively. Details about these are given as follows: A process may be created in the system for different operations. Some of the events that lead to process creation are as follows: User request for process creation System Initialization Batch job initialization Execution of a process creation system .....

Single threaded processes contain the execution of instructions in a single sequence. In other words, one command is processes at a time. The opposite of single threaded processes are multithreaded processes. These processes allow the execution of multiple parts of a program at the same time. These are lightweight processes available within the process. Multithreaded processes can be imp.....

Process Scheduling handles the selection of a process for the processor on the basis of a scheduling algorithm and also the removal of a process from the processor. It is an important part of multiprogramming in operating system. Process scheduling algorithms are used to handle the selection of a process for the processor or distribute resources maong processes. Some of the process sched.....

A deadlock happens in operating system when two or more processes need some resource to complete their execution that is held by the other process. In the above diagram, the process 1 has resource 1 and needs to acquire resource 2. Similarly process 2 has resource 2 and needs to acquire resource 1. Process 1 and process 2 are in deadlock as each of them needs the other’s resource to.....

Monitors and semaphores are used for process synchronization and allow processes to access the shared resources using mutual exclusion. However, monitors and semaphores contain many differences. Details about both of these are given as follows: Monitors are a synchronization construct that were created to overcome the problems caused by semaphores such as timing errors. Monitors are abst.....

Semaphores are integer variables that are used to solve the critical section problem by using two atomic operations, wait and signal that are used for process synchronization. The definitions of wait and signal are as follows: Wait The wait operation decrements the value of its argument S, if it is positive. If S is negative or zero, then no operation is performed. , Signal The signal o.....

Process Scheduling handles the selection of a process for the processor on the basis of a scheduling algorithm and also the removal of a process from the processor. It is an important part of multiprogramming in operating system. Process scheduling involves short-term scheduling, medium-term scheduling and long-term scheduling. Details about these are given as follows: Long-Term Schedulin.....

Interprocess communication is the mechanism provided by the operating system that allows processes to communicate with each other. This communication could involve a process letting another process know that some event has occurred or transferring of data from one process to another. One of the ways to manage interprocess communication is by using sockets. They provide point-to-point, two.....

The interface between a process and an operating system is provided by system calls. In general, system calls are available as assembly language instructions. They are also included in the manuals used by the assembly level programmers. System calls are usually made when a process in user mode requires access to a resource. Then it requests the kernel to provide the resource via a system c.....