MongoDB - Query Document

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In this chapter, we will learn how to query document from MongoDB collection.

The find() Method

To query data from MongoDB collection, you need to use MongoDB's find() method.

Syntax

The basic syntax of find() method is as follows −

>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find()

find() method will display all the documents in a non-structured way.

The pretty() Method

To display the results in a formatted way, you can use pretty() method.

Syntax

>db.mycol.find().pretty()

Example

>db.mycol.find().pretty()
{
   "_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   "title": "MongoDB Overview", 
   "description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
   "by": "tutorials point",
   "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com",
   "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
   "likes": "100"
}
>

Apart from find() method, there is findOne() method, that returns only one document.

RDBMS Where Clause Equivalents in MongoDB

To query the document on the basis of some condition, you can use following operations.

Operation	Syntax	Example	RDBMS Equivalent
Equality	{<key>:<value>}	db.mycol.find({"by":"tutorials point"}).pretty()	where by = 'tutorials point'
Less Than	{<key>:{$lt:<value>}}	db.mycol.find({"likes":{$lt:50}}).pretty()	where likes < 50
Less Than Equals	{<key>:{$lte:<value>}}	db.mycol.find({"likes":{$lte:50}}).pretty()	where likes <= 50
Greater Than	{<key>:{$gt:<value>}}	db.mycol.find({"likes":{$gt:50}}).pretty()	where likes > 50
Greater Than Equals	{<key>:{$gte:<value>}}	db.mycol.find({"likes":{$gte:50}}).pretty()	where likes >= 50
Not Equals	{<key>:{$ne:<value>}}	db.mycol.find({"likes":{$ne:50}}).pretty()	where likes != 50

AND in MongoDB

Syntax

In the find() method, if you pass multiple keys by separating them by ',' then MongoDB treats it as AND condition. Following is the basic syntax of AND −

>db.mycol.find(
   {
      $and: [
         {key1: value1}, {key2:value2}
      ]
   }
).pretty()

Example

Following example will show all the tutorials written by 'tutorials point' and whose title is 'MongoDB Overview'.

>db.mycol.find({$and:[{"by":"tutorials point"},{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty() {
   "_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   "title": "MongoDB Overview", 
   "description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
   "by": "tutorials point",
   "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com",
   "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
   "likes": "100"
}

For the above given example, equivalent where clause will be ' where by = 'tutorials point' AND title = 'MongoDB Overview' '. You can pass any number of key, value pairs in find clause.

OR in MongoDB

Syntax

To query documents based on the OR condition, you need to use $or keyword. Following is the basic syntax of OR −

>db.mycol.find(
   {
      $or: [
         {key1: value1}, {key2:value2}
      ]
   }
).pretty()

Example

Following example will show all the tutorials written by 'tutorials point' or whose title is 'MongoDB Overview'.

>db.mycol.find({$or:[{"by":"tutorials point"},{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty()
{
   "_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   "title": "MongoDB Overview", 
   "description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
   "by": "tutorials point",
   "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com",
   "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
   "likes": "100"
}
>

Using AND and OR Together

Example

The following example will show the documents that have likes greater than 10 and whose title is either 'MongoDB Overview' or by is 'tutorials point'. Equivalent SQL where clause is 'where likes>10 AND (by = 'tutorials point' OR title = 'MongoDB Overview')'

>db.mycol.find({"likes": {$gt:10}, $or: [{"by": "tutorials point"},
   {"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty()
{
   "_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   "title": "MongoDB Overview", 
   "description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
   "by": "tutorials point",
   "url": "https://www.tutorialspoint.com",
   "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
   "likes": "100"
}
>

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