Bohr's Magneton
Description:
An atom consists of a proton and an electron revolving around the proton, the revolving electron produces a magnetic field as studied earlier hence, each particle in the universe has a magnetic field of its own which is known atomic dipole moment.
Bohr’s model of atom gives the value of angular momentum of an atom that can be used to derive the value of atomic dipole moment.
Angular momentum of an atom is given by -
L = nh/2π
Where,
n = number of orbit
h = Plank’s constant
We know,
μ/L = e/2m
Considering the simplest case where n=1
∴ μ = h/2π × e/2m
Bohr’s Magneton is the value of atomic dipole moment held by a single electron atom when it is moving in its orbit, it is given by -
μmin = 9.27 × 10-2 A m2
In every atom the electrons have two motions, one is rotational motion around the nucleus and the other is spinning motion around its own axis. This spinning motion of electron creates magnetism. This is known as Inherent Magnetism. As this is the fundamental property of every electron it is known as Intrinsic Magnetism.