Electrictrostatic Series

Description:

Properties of Charges

• Very large charge can be created on a body.

• While creating a charge we cannot create a single type of charge. We have to create charges in pair, equally, positive and negative.

  Ex − If a plastic is rubbed with a glass and if the glass has got 1000 positive charge then it is mandatory that the plastic will acquire 1000 negative charges.

Faradays experiment to demonstrate type of charges on different material

When a glass rod is rubbed, it gets charged and it is arbitrarily said as positive (+Ve) charge. Similarly negative (-ve) charge is found by rubbing a plastic rod.

for all other materials −

• Anything that is attracting glass is negatively charged. Butrepelling glass is +vely charged

• Anything this is attracting plastic is positively charged and repelling is negatively charged

With the help of this principle, faraday made a series called faraday’s series.

Faraday Series − Glass, Flannel, Wool, Silk, Hard Metal, Hard Rubber, Wax, Resine (Plastic), Sulphur.

In this he made a rule that when two materials in the series are rubbed with each other then one, which is higher in the series will always get positively charged as compared to the one which is lower in the series.

Ex − if glass is rubbed with the silk then glass will get positively charged and silk will get negatively charged, as glass is higher in the series than silk.

Similarly, if a plastic is rubbed with the silk then silk will get positively charged and plastic will get negatively charged, as silk is higher in the series than plastic.

Hence anything rubbed with glass will be negative charged and with sulphur will get positively charged.

Discharge − Vanishing act of  net charge is called discharge.

Example −

Step 1 − Electrify two bodies with opposite charges.

Step 2 − Bring both in contact with each other.

Step 3 − Separate the two bodies. The charges will get nullified and the net charges becomes O. This is called the process of discharge.

When two bodies charged highly with opposite charges are brought very close to each other, even without touching, we see a spark. After spark the charges gets nullified and this phenomenon is again discharge.

Ex − Lightning in the sky.

Lightning in the cloud is the spark of electric discharge.